In this article we will see what components are needed to have a functioning drone.
FRAME, or the drone's frame. The better the quality and cut of the carbon, the greater the chances of our drone surviving a crash unscathed. In the world of FPV drones, the frame plays a crucial role, influencing not only flight performance but also durability and ease of maintenance. Predominantly made of carbon fiber for its lightness and strength, frames must be carefully designed to not interfere with radio signals, as carbon fiber is conductive and capable of attenuating such signals. Frame configurations vary widely, with the X-Frame offering a balance of agility and stability, the Stretch X improving high-speed handling, and the H-Frame, known for its ability to comfortably accommodate electronics. Beyond materials and design, frame construction also determines how easy it is for pilots to assemble and maintain their drone. Recent innovations such as three-point motor mounting aim to improve durability and vibration response. Ultimately, choosing the right frame requires considering a combination of technical and practical factors, balancing performance needs with convenience and protection.
Frame: 
FC, The flight controller acts as the brain of the drone, taking input from sensors like gyroscopes and accelerometers and translating them into actions performed by the motors. Some models include additional sensors like barometers and magnetometers for advanced functionality.
FC: 
ESC Electronic speed controllers, or ESCs, regulate the speed of the motor by responding to the throttle signals provided by the flight controller. The most common types of ESCs are single and 4-in-1, which combine four ESCs into one unit for a cleaner installation. ESC firmware also changes; for example, the BLHeli_32 handles motor control with greater precision and reliability. It is crucial to choose an ESC that is compatible with your battery voltage and has a sufficient current rating to meet the needs of your motor.
ESC: 
VTX
Video transmitters (VTX) for FPV drones are used to transmit camera images to FPV goggles. When choosing a VTX, it is important to consider its size, features, channel support, and transmission frequency accuracy. In addition, output power and long-range transmission capability are crucial to ensure optimal flight performance and minimize interference with other pilots. We will find two types of video transmission and therefore two types of VTX, Digital and Analog Digital video transmission systems for FPV drones offer superior image quality, higher resolution and clarity, transmitting a clean image up to the limit of the signal range, beyond which the video may suddenly disappear. While analog systems are more prone to noise and interference and generally have lower image quality. However, since analog video signal degrades slowly, some prefer to use analog systems because it provides a visual warning of signal deterioration, allowing them to predict signal loss.
VTX: 
FPV Antenna The quality, performance and configuration of FPV antennas play a crucial role in determining the range, clarity and reliability of video transmission. A good FPV antenna can significantly improve the flight experience, allowing the pilot to maintain a stable and high-quality connection even in adverse conditions or in environments crowded with interference.
FPV ANTENNA: 
CAM, the camera, or the eye of the drone, allows you to see the image transmitted by the drone in real time. For an analog video transmitter, we will choose an analog camera, instead if it is a digital system, we will opt for a camera compatible with the digital system, such as DJI, Walksnail, etc. Often digital systems are sold in kits that include the video unit, the camera and the antenna, thus simplifying the connection and configuration process.
Many confuse the drone camera with a video camera, but it is important to remember that the camera is used to pilot the drone. If we want to film, we will have to add an action camera with the help of a support above the drone frame, also because if we have an analog system we will have a less than clear image. * example hd and anal image In the case of a configuration with DJI O3 like the one mentioned in "What are the best drones under 250g?"* we can afford to record in 4k 120fps with the same camera that we use to pilot the drone.
FPV CAM:
RX
FPV drone receivers like those offered by FrSky are essential for communication between your drone and transmitter. They vary in size and specification depending on the use, from lightweight models for micro drones to more robust ones for long-range flights. Some receivers support telemetry, providing vital real-time data to the pilot, while others are optimized for range and light weight. It is important to ensure that the receiver is compatible with the transmitter and that both are updated with compatible firmware to maintain a stable connection.
PHOTO
Motors, the motors used on our drones are brushless motors, that is, those motors that develop a magnetic interaction between the bell magnets and the fixed ones, which allows a continuous and constant rotation without contact between them. These too will be chosen based on the drone we are building. For example, on our SectorD5 we have mounted 2207 1900kv that we make go with 6s
PHOTO
PROPELLERS Propellers for FPV drones are essential to determining flight performance. They vary in size, shape and material, with diameter and pitch affecting thrust and energy efficiency. Plastic propellers are cheap and versatile, while carbon ones offer greater strength and rigidity. The number of blades also changes the response of the drone: two-bladed propellers are generally more efficient, while three-bladed ones provide more thrust and smoother movement. The choice of propeller depends on the specific use of the drone, with different configurations for racing or aerial filming, balancing factors such as speed, stability and noise.
Conclusione
These are the main components to allow a drone to function. A fundamental thing that can and should be added in the case of a long range is a GPS and, in addition to a charged LiPo battery, a radio controller and goggles, This is all you need to fly a drone!
Other tools needed to fly include: a radio controller, which can have either an internal transmitter module* or external modules that can be purchased separately, if supported by the radio; LiPo batteries, which are very "delicate", so I recommend that you inform yourself before charging or handling them; LiPo battery chargers; analog or digital viewers, useful for having the image of the drone transmitted in first person. The difference between analog and digital viewers is in the type of video signal transmission.
In addition, various tools such as hex keys, hex wrenches, soldering iron, etc. are needed.
